Impact of oral contraceptive pills (mala-D) on melanophores of some fresh water fishes

Shashikanth MAJAGI, Shashikanth H MAJAGI

Abstract

Aquatic toxicologists acknowledge effects of drugs on chromatophores are effectively used as indicator of pollution.  The movement of melanophores with in the skin cells is responsible for the pigmentation, which involves nervous system as well as endocrine system. An attempt is made to evaluate the impact of oral contraceptive pill (OCP:MALA-D) on melanophores of some fresh water fishes Viz., Common carp (Cyprinus carpio),Catla catla  and Labeo rohita .The present results revels that the OCP (Mala-D) have action on the melanophores and disturbing in their structure. In all the above mentioned fish species three types of melanophores were observed (Punctate,Stellate Reticulostellate).The number and shape of each type of melanophores significantly altered with the increase of time of exposure. In L. rohita the initiation of disappearance of melanophores observed in 96hrs of exposure. In the present investigation the results indicates that OCP (MALA-D) affects the external surface area and also endocrine system so melanophores indicate stress condition

Keywords

: Melanophores, Oral contraceptive pill, Fresh water fishes, Cyprinus carpio), Catla catla, Labeo rohita

Full Text:

PDF

References

REFERENCES

Ambili, T. R., Saravanan, M., Ramesh, M., Abhijith, D. B. and Poopal, R. K., Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., (2013), 64, 494–503.

Ankley G, Brooks B, Huggett D, Sumpter J (2007).Repeating history: Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Environ Sci Technol 41:8211–8217.

Bagnara J.T. and Hadley M.E. (1973) Chromatophores and colour change the comparative physiology of animal pigmentation. Prentice Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey , 1-191.

Bagnara JT and Hadley ME (1973) Chromatophores and colour changes. Prentice Hall, Englewood, Cliffs, New Jersey. Bhattacharya SK, Parikh AK and Das PK (1976) Effect of catecholamines on the melanophores of frog Rana tigrina, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 14: 486-488.

Fent K, Weston AA, Caminada D (2006). Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals. Aquat Toxicol 76:122–159.

Fent, K., Weston, A. A. and Caminada, D., Aquat. Toxicol., (2006), 76, 122–159.

Fick, J., Soderstrom, H., Lindberg, R. H., Phan, C., Tysklind, M. and Larsson, D. G. J., Environ. Toxicol. Chem., (2014), 28, 2522–2527. 15. Diwan, V. et al., BMC Public Health, 10, 414–422.

Fuji, R. and Novales, R. R. (1972) Nervous control of melanophores movement in vertebrate melanophores. New York.In“Pigmentation: Its genes and biological control ” (ed . Vernon Riley). Appleton-Century –Crafts. 315-326.

Fujii R (2000) The regulation of motile activity in fish chromatophores. Pigment Cell Res., 13:300-319.

Fujii R and Oshima N (1994) Factors influencing motile activities of fish chromatophores. In: advances in comparative and environmental physiology (ed. R. Gilles) Springer –Verlag, Berlin, 20:1-54.

Fujii, R. (1961) Demonstration of the adrenergic nature of transmission of the junction between melanophores concentrating nerve and melenophore in bony fish. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo. 9: 171-196.

Fujii, R. (1969) Chromatophores and pigment, in Fish Physiology , Vol. III, Hoar, W.S. and Randall, D.J; Eds. Acad. Press, New York. 3: 307-353.

Fujii, R. (2000) The regulation of motile activity in fish chromatophores. Pigment Cell Biol. 13: 300-319.

Fujii, R. and Miyashita, Y. (1975) Receptors mechanisms in fish chromatophores I- Alpha nature of adrenoceptors mediating melanosome aggregation in guppy melanophores. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 51C: 171-178.

Hayashi H and Fujii O (1993) Muscarinic cholinoceptors that mediate pigment aggregation exist in melanophores of cyprinids (Zacco sp.). Pigment Cell Res., 6:37-44.

Hayashi, Y., Heckmann, L.H., Callaghan, A., Sibly, R.M., 2008.Reproduction recovery of the crustacean Daphnia magna after chronic exposure to ibuprofen.Ecotoxi- cology 17, 246–251.

Holmberg K, Bjerg PL Christensen TH (2006). Occurrence and dis- tribution of pharmaceutical organic compounds in the groundwater downgradient of a landfill (Grindsted, Denmark). Environ Sci Technol 5:1415–1420

Jain, A.K. and Bhargava, H.N. (1979). Studies on the colour change mechanism in fresh water teleost Nandus nandus (Ham) I Neural control. J. Neural Transmission. 44: 51-63.

Jain, A.K. and Patil, S. (1992) α 2-adrenoceptor activation induced melanophore response in a fresh-water telesot, Labeo rohita : an in vitro and in vivo study. Proc . Nat. Acad. Sci. India . 62 (B) III : 323-332.

Larsson, D. G. J., Pedro, C. and Paxeus, N., J. Hazard. Mater., (2013), 53, 161–163.

Mayo, D. J. and Burton, D. (1998).β2-adrenoceptors mediate melanosome dispersion in winter flounder ( Pleuronectes americanus ). Can. J. Zool. 76: 175–180.

Miyashita Y and Fujii R (1973) Responses of guppy melanophores to 5-Hydroxytryptamine. J. Pre-Med course Sappro Med. Cll, 14:39-44.

Morishita,F.(1987). Responses of the melanophores of the medaka, Oryzia slatipes, to adrenergic drugs: evidence for α 2-adrenergic receptors mediating melanin aggregation. Comp. Biochem . Physiol. 88C: 69–74. .

Oshima, N. and Fujii, R. (1994) Control of chromatophore movements in teleost fishes. Zool. Sci . 3: 13-47.

Ovais M and Gorakh AK (1988). Adrenergic and Cholinergic receptors in the isolated scale melanophores of a teleost ean fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) Asian J. Exp. Sci., 4:36.

Parkar GH (1948) Animal control and their Neurohunorus. Cambridge press, Cambridge U.K. Scott GT (1965) Physiology and pharmacology of colour change in the sand flounder Scopthalamus aguosus. Lumnol. Oceanogr.,10:R2 30-R2 46. Spaeth RA (1913) The physiology of the chromotophores of fishes. J. Exptl. Zool., 15:527-585.

Parkar GH, Porter,Melanophore expantion by pituitary harmone (1934) Physiology and pharmacology of colour change in the sand flounder Scopthalamus aguosus. Lumnol. Oceanogr.,10:R2 30-R2 46. Spaeth RA (1913) The physiology of the chromotophores of fishes. J. Exptl. Zool., 15:527-585.

Patil, S and Jain, A.K. (1989) The sympathetic neuro- melanophore transmission in a fresh-water Indian major carp, Labeorohita (Ham). Ind. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 33(2): 101-106.

Praveen, S.A. Gaur and M. Ovais: Effects of potassium and alkaline earth ions on the isolated scale melanophores of a major carp Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham). J fresh water biol . 5 (3), 277-282, (1993)

Reed, P.L. and Finnin, B.C. (1972) Pigmentation: Its genesis and biologic control. Appleton-century- crofts , New York.

Rehman, M. S. U., Rashid, M., Ashfaq, M., Saif, A., Ahmad, N. and Han, J.-I., Chemosphere, 2013; (in press), DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.036.

Saravanan, M., Karthika, S., Malarvizhi, A. and Ramesh, M., J. Hazard.Mater., (2011), 195, 188–194.

Saravanan, M., Ramesh, M. and Petkam, R., Fish Physiol. Biochem., (2013), 39, 1431–1440.

Saravanan.M, (2013), Toxicological effects of the antibiotics oxytetracyclin to an Indian major carp Labeo rohita.

Scott GT (1965) Physiology and pharmacology of colour change in the sand flounder Scopthalamus aguosus. Lumnol. Oceanogr.,10:R2 30-R2 46.

Sinha .M.K., A.K. Sinha and Soma adhikari (1999).Waring H. (1942) Vertebrate colour change, Bio rev. 17, 120-150.

Watanable ,M.T Naitoh and K.T. Suchya: Reversal of action of electrolytes to the melanophores of Cucian carp, biol J. Okayama Univ.,11, 19-30, (1965)

Williams RT, Cook JC, Berger U (2005). Exposure to pharmaceuticals present in the environment. Drug Inform J 41:133–141.

Yamada, K. I S .Miyata and H. Katayama (1984); Auto radiographic demonstration of adrenergic in hervation to scale melanophores of a teleost fish J. expt. Zoo 22(9) 78-80.

Zachary Barnes, Tony Flatness, Heather Patterson, and Johanna Foster Wartburg College, Waverly, IA, (2005), Investigation of Histological Effects of 17-α Ethinylestradiol in Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)

Zhang, Y., Geisen, S. U. and Cal, C., Chemosphere, 2008, 73, 1151–1161. 9. Li, Z. H., Velisek, J., Zlabek, V., Grabic, R., Machova, J., Kolarova, J. and Ran- dak, T., Chem. Biol. Interact., 2010, 183, 98–104.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.