Paralize olma ve parazitlenmenin Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvalarının hemolenfindeki protein miktarına etkisi

Özgür ÖZCAN, Nevran Eylem AKMAN GÜNDÜZ, Adem GÜLEL

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, parazitoit Bracon hebetor tarafından paralize edilen ve parazitlenen konak Galleria mellonella larvalarının hemolenfindeki toplam protein miktarındaki değişimler incelenmiştir. Parazitoit ve konak kültürleri 26±2˚C, % 65±5 bağıl nem ve 16:8 (A:K) fotoperyot şartlarında yetiştirilmiştir. Protein analizleri için iki farklı deneme grubu oluşturulmuştur. Birinci gruptaki konak larvaları (P1), parazitoitler tarafından sadece paralize edilmiş ancak üzerlerine yumurta bırakılmamıştır ve bu konakların hemolenf örnekleri altı saat ara ile 72. saate kadar alınmıştır. İkinci grupta konak larvaları (P2) dişi parazitoit tarafından sadece paralize edilmeyip aynı zamanda üzerlerine yumurta bırakılmıştır.Bu konakların hemolenf örnekleri parazitlenmeden sonraki 24., 48. ve 72. saatlerde alınmıştır. Paralize olmamış ve parazitlenmemiş konak larvalarından alınan hemolenf örnekleri kontrol grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar hemolenf toplam protein miktarının paralize edilen ve parazitlenen larvalarda tüm belirlenen zaman dilimlerinde fazla değişmediğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

Bracon hebetor, Galleria mellonella, Protein, Paralizasyon, Parazitizm

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdellaoui K., Ben Halima-Kamel M., Ben Hamouda M.H. 2009a. Physiological effects of gibberellic acid on the reproductive potential of Locusta migratoria migratoria. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection, 4: 67-75.

Alleyne M., Beckage N.E. 1997. Parasitism-induced effects on host growth and metabolic efficiency in tobacco hornworm larvae parasitized by Cotesia congregata. Journal of Insect Physiology, 43(4): 407-424.

Alleyne M., Chappell M.A., Gelman D.B., Beckage N.E. 1997. Effects of parasitism by the braconid wasp Cotesia congregata on metabolic rate in host larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Journal of Insect Physiology, 43(2): 143-154.

Altuntaş H., Kılıç A.Y., Zeytinoğlu H.S. 2010. The effects of parasitism by the ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the host hemolymph proteins in the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 409-416.

Baker J.E., Fabrick J.A. 2000. Host hemolymph proteins and protein digestion in larval Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 30: 937-946.

Bernstein C,, Heizmann A., Desouhant E. 2002. Intraspecific competition between healthy and parasitised hosts in a host-parasitoid system: Consequences for life-history traits. Ecological Entomology, 27: 415-423.

Bischof C., Ortel J. 1996. The effects of parasitism by Glyptapanteles liparidis (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) on the hemolymph and total body composition of gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar, Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera). Parasitology Research, 82: 687-692.

Brodeur J., Boivin G. 2004. Functional ecology of immature parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology, 49: 27-49.

Cônsoli F.L., Vinson S.B. 2004. Host regulation and the embriyonic development of the endoparasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology- Part B, 137: 463-473.

Cônsoli F.L., Brandt S.L., Coudron T.A., Vinson S.B. 2005. Host regulation and release of parasitism-specific proteins in the system Toxoneuron nigriceps-Heliothis virescens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, 142(2): 181-191.

Doury G., Bigot Y., Periquet G. 1997. Physiological and biochemical analysis of factors in the female venom gland and larval salivary secretions of the ectoparasitoid wasp Eupelmus orientalis. Journal of Insect Physiology, 43(1): 69-81.

Dweck H.K.M., Gadallah N.S., Darwish E. 2008. Structure and sensory equipment of the ovipositor of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Micron, 39: 1255-1261.

Florkin M., Jeuniaux C.H. 1964. Hemolymph: Composition, In: M. Rockstein (Ed.). The Physiology of Insecta, Academic Press, New York and London, Vol. 3, pp: 109-152.

Godfray H.J.C. 1994. Parasitoids; Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 488 p.

Gross P. 1993. Insect behavioral and morphological defenses against parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology, 38: 251-273.

Gül M., Gülel A. 1995. Parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un biyolojisi ve konak larva büyüklüğünün verim ve eşey oranı üzerine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 19: 231-235.

Gündüz E.A., Gülel A. 2004. Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinde konukçu türünün ve besin tipinin ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 28: 275-282.

Gündüz E.A., Gülel A. 2005. Investigation of fecundity and sex ratio in the parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in relation to parasitoid age. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 29: 291-294.

Hance T., van Baaren J., Vernon P., Boivin G. 2007. Impact of extreme temperatures on parasitoids in a climate change perspective. Annual Review of Entomology, 52: 107-126.

Hartzer K.L., Zhu K.Y., Baker J.E. 2005. Phenoloxidase in larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Molecular cloning of the proenzyme cDNA and enzyme activity in larvae paralyzed and parasitized by Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 59: 67-79.

Heimpel G.E., Antolin M.F., Franqui R.A., Strand M.R. 1997. Reproductive isolation and genetic variation between two “Strains” of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control, 9: 149-156.

Lewis W.J., Stapel J.O., Cortesero A.M., Takasu K. 1998. Understanding How Parasitoids Balance Food and Host Needs: Importance to Biological Control. Biological Control, 11: 175-183.

Lowry O.H., Rose Brough N.J., Farr A.L., Randall V.J. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193: 265-275.

Lu J.F., Hu J., Fu W.J. 2006. Levels of encapsulation and melanization in two larval instars of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lep., Pyralidae) during simulation of parasitization by Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (Hym., Braconidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 130(5): 290-296.

Nakamatsu Y., Tanaka T. 2003. Venom of ectoparasitoid, Euplectrus sp. near plathypenae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) regulates the physiological state of Pseudaletia separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) host as a food resource. Journal of Insect Physiology, 49: 149-159.

Nurullahoğlu Z.Ü., Uçkan F., Sak O., Ergin E. 2014. Total lipid and fatty acid composition of Apanteles galleria and its parasitized host. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97(5): 1000-1006.

Quistad, G.B., Nguyen, Q., Bernasconi, P., Leisy, D.J. 1994. Purification and characterization of insecticidal toxins from venom glands of the parasitic wasp, Bracon hebetor. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 24(10): 955-961.

Renault S., Stasiak K., Federici B., Bigot Y. 2005. Commensal and mutualistic relationships of reoviruses with their parasitoid wasp hosts. Journal of Insect Physiology, 51(2): 137-148.

Sak O., Ergin E., Uçkan F., Rivers D.B., Er A. 2011. Changes in the hemolymph total protein of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) after parasitism and envenomation by Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Turkish Journal of Biology, 35: 425-432.

Salvador G., Cônsoli F.L. 2008. Changes in the hemolymph and fat body metabolites of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) parasitized by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control, 45: 103-110.

Schmidt O., Glatz R.V., Asgari S., Robert H.L.S. 2005. Are insect immune suppressors driving cellular uptake reactions?. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 60: 153-158.

Schopf A., Nussbaumer C. 1996. Influence of parasitism by Glyptapanteles liparidis (Hym., Braconidae) on the haemolymph carbohydrate and glycogen content of its host larva, Lymantria dispar (Lep., Lymantriidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 120: 357-362.

Song K.H., Jung M.K., Eum J.H., Hwang I.C., Han S.S. 2008. Proteomic analysis of parasitized Plutella xylostella larvae plasma. Journal of Insect Physiology, 54: 1271-1280.

Taylor A.D. 1988. Host effects on functional and ovipositional responses of Bracon hebetor. Journal of Animal Ecology, 57: 173-184.

Thomas M.B., Blanford S. 2003. Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18(7): 344-350.

Vinson S.B. 1990. Physiological interactions between the host genus Heliothis and its guild of parasitoids, Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 13: 63-81.

Waller J.B. 1965. The effect of the venom of Bracon hebetor on the respiration of the wax moth Galleria mellonella. Journal of Insect Physiology, 11: 1595-1599

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.