Evaluation of Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Three Edible Mushrooms

Handan ÇINAR YILMAZ

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profile and to identify some key elements that make these nutritional components essential and beneficial to the human health system. The study samples three wild edible mushroom species Tricholoma terreum (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., Marasmius oreades (Bolton) Fr. and Coprinus comatus (O. F. Müll.) Pers. were collected from the Tokat region and detected 8 different fatty acid levels and major elements such as Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn. Among these fatty acids, the highest levels were found for palmitic, stearic, linoleic and oleic acids. Palmitic acid was found in the range of 16.43-34.15%, stearic acid 16.73-50.24%, linoleic acid 28.19-32.40% and oleic acid 15.35-18.10% in all samples. When we compared the study samples according to the amount of fatty acids they contained, Coprinus comatus species had the highest percentages of myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic and linolenic (which is called Q3) and their percentages were 1.48, 0.41, 34.15, 3.02 and 0.67% respectively. In addition, stearic and linoleic acid ranges were 32.40-50.24% seen in Tricholoma terreum, and the highest range of oleic acid was detected in Maramius oreades. Major minerals such as zinc, iron, manganese and copper were also measured in very high concentrations. Marasmius oreades had the highest levels of Fe and Cu, while Coprinus comatus has Mn and the last of Tricholoma terreum has Zn elements. If we ask why minor or major elements are important, it is because they are healthy for the human neurological, hepatic and skeletal systems and act as immunomodulators. The highest amount of mineral in the study samples belonged to zinc and its range was detected to be 152.40-416.40mg/kg, second was iron and its range was 86.16-478.00mg/kg. The highest level of copper was detected in Marasmius oreades as 72.20 mg/kg and the highest level of manganese was 57.24 mg/kg in Coprinus comatus.

The study aims to prove that these mushroom species are able to store a very high amount of minerals, which are macro minerals, and vital fatty acid varieties. We can say that these wild edible mushroom specimens can be improved and used as human nutritional supplements by looking at their fatty acid profiles and mineral content.

Keywords

Fatty acids, Minerals, Edible mushrooms, Turkiye

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